Reading and designing circuits
Three different representations of a circuit
Below are the three common ways of presenting a circuit. They all represent that same circuit. They are just presented in different ways, depending on the purpose. The three different ways has been done in Fritzing.
As a visual representation
Here we try to illustrate the actual physical layout and design to make it readable for beginners.
As a chematic
Here it is as chematic with symbols.
As a PCB layout
Here tbe actual physical layout i designed on a Two sidded PCB, so it can be produced.
Reading and using a circuit with a breadboard
A breadboard is a simple board to make prototypes without too much soldering.
This is the basic internal wiring inside a breadboard. Notice how you have plus rails (red) and minus rails (blue). The other holes are connected at a 90 degree angel.
Design your own circuit
Designing circuit can be done for multiple reasons. Here are some of them:
To share your knowledge and design with the world and let others replicate your project.
To document your project for your own sanity.
To manufacture PCB (circuit boards) for mass production.
To simulate your circuit to see if it will work.
Below are some good introduction video for designing circuits in different programs. Be a aware that Fritzing and Tinkercad Circuit is really easy to use, but the more classic programs like KiCad requires a lot of patience with learning the different technical terms and short cuts.
Introduction to Tinkercad circuits
Introduction to Fritzing
Fritzing is by far the simplest tool to use and one that definetely suggest that you use for documenting your projects. They look beautifull presentation vice and it also helps you document what you have been doing.
Open source tool for macing PCB diagrams. Good for makers because it has all the Arduino components. They have made a 8$ dollar fee on the download link. You should consider donating, but you can also find it here.