Software Tools
Having a repertoire of tools is essential for making and designing. What I would recommend for any starting out:
Arduino for physical prototyping.
P5JS for interactive programming.
Atom.io for a text based code editor.
Inkscape for vector based design.
Audacity for audio edit and conversion.
Gimp for advanced photoediting.
Snapseed (android & ios) for basic image correction.
iMovie (if on a mac) for Movie editing.
TinkerCad for basic 3D modelling.
Slack or discord for online collaboration.
Google drive (+ docs and slides) for organizing your code, files, documentation and presentations.
You can find the links below.
My personal gearbag is the following: Snapseed for quick photo manipulation. Affinity Designer for vector drawing and Final Cut Pro X for movie editing, Arduino for physical prototyping and P5JS for visual programming. Google drive for files and office tools like slides, docs and sheets.
Blow is a curated list of software tools that can be used for design, prototyping and documenting. We are often forced to into commercial products wrapped in student licences and short term triels. With this list I try to provide free or even "open source" alternatives. I hope this page can help you find yours.
See also https://fablab.ruc.dk/essential-tools-for-prototyping/ for a longer list og good tools.
Audio editing
Ugly graphical userinterface but a swiss army knife for basic sound file converseion.
$$
Amacing live music production tool.
PCB Design
Open source tool for macing PCB diagrams. Good for makers because it has all the Arduino components. They have made a 8$ dollar fee on the download link. You should consider donating, but you can also find it here:
https://github.com/fritzing/fritzing-app/releases
Is also easy to use.
Open source and market leader.
$$
Free with advertisements.
Vector Drawing
Good and well developed open source version. Use the latest beta version.
$$
Market leader, but subscription based.
One time cost - good alternative, but a bit tricky with export for laser cutting
One time cost - good alternative.
Subscription based with a free alternative.
Deep nest is vector placement utility that places your objects as close as possible on your plate so you do not waste materials when cutting.
Movie editing
Open source:
Imovie is a good free alternative for Mac users.
And Davinci Resolve is market leaders of movie editors and free for Windows and Mac
Further, Final Cut X is my preferred tool.
https://filmora.wondershare.net/
3D Modelling
Simpe and easy to use.
Open source and versatile
Online 3D box making for lasercutting
Javascript programmable 3D modelling system.
$$$Freemium
Impressive all-round system for 3D modelling and manufacturing.
https://www.matterhackers.com/store/l/mattercontrol/sk/MKZGTDW6
Photoediting
Good open source image editor.
Android and Iphone based photo correction tool. Really good for basic correction.
Good open source photo editor for windows.
$$
Affinity photo editor.
Other apps:
Darktable,
Rawtherapee,
photoscape x(on mac)
photos app on Mac
Fotor.
Photoscape
Code editors
They are all good.
Text Mate (Mac)
Only for html/css/js editing, but amazingly simple
Free to use, but license required with longer use.
Creative programming frameworks
Programming framework for creeative programming.
Simple and fast interface for programming. Based on Java language.
Online editor based on javascript.
Fast visual engine in C++
Fast visual engine in C++
Node based programming engine.
$$
Market leader in node based programming language.
Machine learning
Machine learning is the new and interesting. I have not sorted this list out but here are some interesting links:
Screen recording / casting
Quicktime can be used on Mac for basic screen recording.
https://obsproject.com/da/download
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/recostudio-multicam/id576184759
http://danielbuechele.github.io/atemOSC/#section3
Online generators
Online 3D box making for lasercutting
Live coding
There are many interesting online live programming tools.
Especially for music and visuals
https://hydra-editor.glitch.me/
https://dktr0.github.io/Punctual/
https://medium.com/cyril-live-coding/getting-started-with-beta-6-c74e93463c3d#.1ce32weoo
Online Collaboration
With elearning it is neccesary to have good shared chatroom / meeting space here are some of the online tools to do so:
Game engines
https://github.com/AtomicGameEngine/AtomicGameEngine
https://www.shadertoy.com/
$$$
3D game engine. Free to use.
Audio routing
Sometimes it is neccesary to route audio (or midi) in special ways in the computer.
https://www.fluxforge.com/blog/soundflower-os-x-10.11-10.12-macOS-sierra/
Projection mapping
http://projection-mapping.org/splash/
$$$
https://madmapper.com/madmapper/
Madmapper is one of the ones dominating the market.
http://projection-mapping.org/software/
Embedded computing frameworks
Network protocol debugging
https://packetsender.com/
https://www.wireshark.org/